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In every guild hall across the Sword Coast, from the marble counting houses of Waterdeep to the timber-framed trade posts of Baldur’s Gate, there exists an unspoken question. What separates a thriving merchant house from one that folds after a single bad season?

Adventurers have long been judged by strength, dexterity, constitution, intelligence, wisdom, and charisma. These scores tell the story of what a person can lift, dodge, endure, learn, perceive, and persuade. But guilds and trading companies are not people. They are living systems built on coin, contracts, caravans, and control.

The Waterdeep Trading Company does not measure itself by the arm strength of its porters or the charm of its negotiators. It measures itself by six core business ability scores. Capital Base, Operational Speed, Stability, Planning Acumen, Control Discipline, and Trade Standing. Together, these scores provide a complete picture of how a business performs under pressure, navigates opportunity, and sustains itself across seasons and storms.

This system is used by guild clerks, senior factors, and financial scribes to evaluate performance, compare branches, and make decisions about expansion, investment, and partnerships. The scores are not abstract. They shape daily outcomes, from whether a contract is honored to whether a caravan reaches its destination intact.

This article explains how the Waterdeep Trading Company uses business ability scores to measure organizational health, predict risks, and maintain one of the most respected operations in the Realms.

What Business Ability Scores Are

Business ability scores are numerical ratings that describe the functional capacity of a guild, trading house, or merchant operation. Just as adventurers are rated on a scale of 3 to 18 for physical and mental attributes, businesses are rated on the same scale for operational and financial attributes.

Each score measures a specific dimension of performance. Low scores indicate weakness or vulnerability. High scores indicate strength and resilience. A score of 10 or 11 represents average competence for an established guild. Scores below 8 suggest critical deficiencies. Scores above 15 suggest exceptional capability.

These scores are not static. They shift in response to events, decisions, investments, and market conditions. A guild that loses its warehouse to fire may see its Stability score drop by 3 points. A guild that secures exclusive contracts with the Lords’ Alliance may see its Trade Standing rise by 2 points.

The six core scores are used individually and in combination to calculate derived metrics that describe real operational outcomes.

The Six Core Business Stats

This table defines the primary attributes used to assess a business’s strength and health in Faerûn.

Capital Base, CAP

Capital Base measures financial muscle. It represents the total amount of liquid coin, available credit, vaulted reserves, and purchasing power that a business can deploy on short notice.

A guild with a high Capital Base can afford bulk purchases at discount rates, fund emergency repairs without hesitation, and sustain operations through lean months. A guild with a low Capital Base struggles to keep shelves stocked, cannot negotiate favorable terms, and must turn away profitable opportunities due to a lack of funds.

Capital Base is used when a business needs to outbid rivals, secure rare materials, pay unexpected tariffs, or survive a season where revenue drops below expenses. It determines whether a company controls its suppliers or is controlled by them.

A score of 8 or below means the guild operates hand to mouth, always one delay away from insolvency. A score of 15 or above means the guild can absorb shocks, invest in growth, and dictate terms to weaker partners.

Operational Speed, OPS

Operational Speed measures how fast a business acts. It represents the ability to fulfill orders promptly, reroute caravans in response to danger, process customer requests without delay, and handle surges in demand.

A guild with high Operational Speed completes contracts ahead of schedule, adapts to shifting markets, and captures time-sensitive opportunities. A guild with low Operational Speed creates backlogs, misses deadlines, and loses customers to faster competitors.

Operational Speed is used when goods must be delivered by a specific festival date, when a workshop must pivot to produce a different item on short notice, or when emergency repairs are needed to keep a production line running.

A score of 8 or below means the guild is perpetually behind, with frustrated customers and missed opportunities. A score of 15 or more means the guild sets the pace of the market and can react to changes faster than rivals can plan for them.

Stability, STA

Stability measures endurance under pressure. It represents the ability to absorb losses, withstand delays, survive fines or penalties, and continue operating when circumstances turn hostile.

A guild with high Stability can endure a failed caravan, a spoiled shipment, a warehouse fire, or a contract dispute without collapsing. A guild with low Stability teeters on the edge of ruin, where a single bad event can close its doors permanently.

Stability is used when goods spoil in transit, when bandits destroy a shipment, when tariffs double unexpectedly, when a key partner goes bankrupt, or when a plague disrupts supply chains for months.

A score of 8 or below means the guild has no cushion for error and cannot survive adversity. A score of 15 or above means the guild can weather storms that would destroy lesser operations and emerge intact.

Planning Acumen, PLN

Planning Acumen measures foresight and judgment. It represents the ability to forecast demand, anticipate price shifts, choose reliable suppliers, set profitable margins, and avoid costly mistakes.

A guild with high Planning Acumen purchases materials before prices spike, avoids inventory that will not sell, prices goods to maximize profit without losing customers, and identifies emerging markets before competitors do. A guild with low Planning Acumen overbuys goods that sit unsold, underprices valuable items, and makes purchasing decisions based on guesswork.

Planning Acumen is used to determine how much stock to order for the winter season, decide whether to expand into a new region, set prices for a new product line, or evaluate the reliability of a potential supplier.

A score of 8 or below means the guild makes poor decisions that erode margins and waste resources. A score of 15 or above means the guild anticipates market movements and positions itself ahead of the curve.

Control Discipline, CTR

Control Discipline measures internal order and rule-keeping. It represents the ability to enforce procedures, detect fraud, maintain accurate records, ensure contract compliance, and prevent waste or theft.

A guild with high Control Discipline has clean books, reliable audits, trusted employees, and consistent processes. A guild with low Control Discipline suffers from embezzlement, sloppy record keeping, contract violations, and operational leaks that drain profit.

Control Discipline is used when conducting financial audits, investigating discrepancies in inventory counts, enforcing contract terms with suppliers, or ensuring that employees follow established procedures.

A score of 8 or below means the guild is vulnerable to fraud, mistakes, and regulatory penalties. A score of 15 or above means the guild operates with precision and can be trusted by partners, investors, and guilds.

Trade Standing, REP

Trade Standing measures how the market views the business. It represents reputation, trustworthiness, influence with guilds and nobles, access to favorable credit terms, and the ability to negotiate from a position of strength.

A guild with high Trade Standing enjoys preferred supplier relationships, can secure credit on favorable terms, gains access to exclusive contracts, and receives lenient treatment when disputes arise. A guild with low Trade Standing must pay cash up front, is denied opportunities, and struggles to find partners willing to work with them.

Trade Standing is used when negotiating payment terms, seeking membership in a prestigious guild, applying for licenses or permits, or requesting favors from influential contacts.

A score of 8 or below means the guild is viewed as unreliable and unworthy of trust. A score of 15 or above means the guild opens doors that others cannot access and commands respect across the Realms.

Derived Business Metrics

Core ability scores are useful on their own, but they become even more powerful when combined to calculate derived metrics. These metrics describe specific operational outcomes that matter to daily performance.

This table shows how core stats combine into practical outcomes.

Liquidity

Liquidity is calculated by adding Capital Base and Control Discipline. It measures whether a business can meet its financial obligations when they come due. A guild with high Liquidity has enough coin on hand and disciplined processes to ensure payments are made on time. A guild with low Liquidity may have coin but lose track of when payments are due, or may have excellent record keeping but insufficient funds to cover debts.

Throughput

Throughput is calculated by adding Operational Speed and Stability. It measures the volume of goods that can be moved safely without exceeding the system’s capacity. A guild with high Throughput can handle large orders, seasonal surges, and complex logistics without collapsing under the load. A guild with low Throughput becomes overwhelmed when demand spikes and suffers delays or failures.

Margin Control

Margin Control is calculated by adding Planning Acumen and Control Discipline. It measures how consistently a business generates profit. A guild with high Margin Control prices goods intelligently and enforces cost controls that prevent waste. A guild with low Margin Control makes erratic profits, with some quarters highly profitable and others deeply unprofitable.

Market Reach

Market Reach is calculated by adding Trade Standing and Operational Speed. It measures how far a business can effectively sell its goods. A guild with high Market Reach can deliver products quickly to distant cities and has the reputation to close deals in unfamiliar markets. A guild with low Market Reach is confined to local sales and struggles to expand beyond familiar territory.

Risk Exposure

Risk Exposure is indicated by low Control Discipline. It measures the likelihood of damage from internal failures. A guild with high Risk Exposure is vulnerable to fraud, contract violations, regulatory fines, and operational mistakes that create financial harm.

Reading a Business Profile

To illustrate how these scores work together, consider a mid-sized merchant house operating out of Baldur’s Gate. The house specializes in importing textiles from Calimport and selling them throughout the Sword Coast.

This table shows the ability scores for a fictional merchant house.

Derived Metrics:

Liquidity: 14 + 9 = 23. Adequate ability to meet obligations, though control weaknesses introduce some risk.

Throughput: 10 + 12 = 22. Moderate capacity can handle standard volumes.

Margin Control: 15 + 9 = 24. Good planning is offset by weak controls; profits are strong but inconsistent.

Market Reach: 13 + 10 = 23. Solid reach can sell across the Sword Coast.

Risk Exposure: Control Discipline of 9 indicates an elevated risk of fraud or operational errors.

Interpretation

This merchant house has strong margins and good market standing, but weak controls. Growth has outpaced discipline. The business is profitable and well-positioned for expansion, but a single fraud incident, contract violation, or sloppy record-keeping error could cause significant damage.

The recommended action would be to invest in improving Control Discipline before pursuing further growth. This might include hiring an experienced auditor, implementing stricter inventory checks, or establishing formal approval processes for major expenditures.

Using Business Ability Scores in Daily Decisions

Guild clerks and senior factors use these scores to guide decisions across a range of scenarios.

When evaluating a potential partnership, they compare Trade Standing and Control Discipline scores. A partner with high Trade Standing but low Control Discipline may bring valuable connections but also introduce operational risk.

When planning for seasonal demand surges, they examine Operational Speed and Stability. If both scores are low, the guild may need to decline large orders or risk collapse under the load.

When deciding whether to extend credit to a customer, they review the customer’s Capital Base and Trade Standing. A customer with a strong reputation but weak capital may need shorter payment terms.

When assessing the viability of a new trade route, they calculate Market Reach and compare it with the route’s distance and complexity. If Market Reach is insufficient, the route may fail due to delivery delays or the inability to negotiate favorable terms in unfamiliar cities.

These scores are not abstract academic measures. They are practical tools used daily to evaluate risk, allocate resources, and make choices that determine whether a business thrives or fails.

Realms Aware Considerations

Business ability scores are influenced by location, market conditions, and external events. A guild operating in Waterdeep may have higher Trade Standing due to proximity to influential nobles and guild councils. A guild operating in a frontier settlement may have lower Operational Speed due to limited infrastructure and unreliable supply chains.

Scores can shift rapidly during crises. A plague that disrupts trade routes may reduce Operational Speed and Stability across an entire region. A successful diplomatic mission that secures favorable trade agreements may increase Trade Standing for all guilds affiliated with the sponsoring faction.

Guilds with diversified operations across multiple cities may have different scores in each location. The Waterdeep Trading Company may have a Capital Base of 16 in its home city but only 11 in its Baldur’s Gate branch, reflecting differences in local reserves and access to credit.

Senior factors track score changes over time to identify trends. A steady decline in Control Discipline may indicate that internal processes are breaking down and require immediate attention. A steady increase in Planning Acumen may indicate that recent hires or training programs are paying off.

Final Thoughts

Business ability scores let a guild feel alive, measured, and fallible, just like any adventuring party. They provide a common language for evaluating performance, comparing operations, and making decisions grounded in evidence rather than intuition.

The Waterdeep Trading Company uses these scores to maintain discipline, anticipate risks, and ensure that every branch operates with the strength needed to survive in the competitive markets of Faerûn. Whether managing a warehouse, negotiating a contract, or planning for the next season, these six scores guide every choice and shape every outcome.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter.
Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh.
Our Initiates, Jeff Stiles, Harry Burgh, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm.Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys.
And our Voyeurs, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

In the workshops, distilleries, and forges across the Sword Coast, production rarely fails because of a single dramatic event like a broken enchantment or collapsed furnace. Instead, loss arises from small pauses, slow runs, spoiled batches, and quiet rework that never clearly reaches the ledger. A half hour here, a failed batch there, and suddenly the quarterly margins tell a different story than the production logs promised.

The Waterdeep Trading Company recognizes this truth. To see what truly happens on the shop floor, rather than what should happen according to plan, the company employs a measurement discipline known as Overall Equipment Effectiveness, or OEE. This metric does not judge the skill of artificers or the dedication of laborers. Instead, it measures how well equipment turns planned time into sellable goods. It captures time, speed, and quality in a single actionable metric that reveals the hidden costs of production.

OEE matters because it connects the reality of the workshop to the expectations of the counting house. It indicates whether delays are attributable to bad luck, poor maintenance, inadequate training, or systemic issues that require investment. For guild masters, production supervisors, and finance scribes alike, OEE transforms vague impressions into clear data.

This article explains OEE in plain terms, shows how it applies to Faerûnian production environments, and walks through worked examples using a heated cauldron line operated by the Waterdeep Trading Company.

What OEE Is

OEE is a single measure built from three distinct components. Each component represents a different approach, which can result in lost planned production time. Together, they answer one essential question: Of all the time we planned to produce, how much became a good product ready for sale?

The three components are Availability, Performance, and Quality. Each is expressed as a percentage, and their product yields the overall OEE score.

The Three Components Explained

Understanding each component separately is essential before combining them into the full OEE calculation.

Availability

Availability measures time lost to stoppages. If a cauldron is scheduled to run but sits idle due to cleaning, repair, missing ingredients, or equipment failure, that time is lost availability. Availability only checks whether the equipment is running. It does not matter how fast the equipment runs or whether the output is good. It simply asks: Was the equipment operating when it should have been?

Common causes of availability loss in Faerûn include arcane instability requiring recalibration, material shortages from delayed caravans, mechanical failures in gears or seals, and unplanned cleaning due to contamination.

Performance

Performance measures lost speed. If a cauldron is running but heating more slowly than expected, pausing briefly between batches, or operating at reduced output due to worn components, the slowdown reduces performance. Performance is measured by comparing the actual output rate to the ideal output rate. Even if the equipment never fully stops, running at 80% of expected speed results in a 20% performance loss.

In Faerûnian workshops, performance loss often comes from aging enchantments, inexperienced operators, inconsistent ingredient quality, or temperature fluctuations in the workshop environment.

Quality

Quality measures lost output. If a batch fails inspection, requires rework, or must be discarded entirely, that loss reduces quality. Quality looks only at usable output. Even if availability and performance are perfect, quality loss means that production time was spent creating goods that cannot be sold at full value.

Typical quality issues include failed enchantments, contamination from improper cleaning, incorrect ingredient ratios, or structural defects in the finished product.

The OEE Formula

The formula for OEE is straightforward. It multiplies the three components together.

OEE equals Availability multiplied by Performance multiplied by Quality.

Each value is expressed as a percentage, and the result is also a percentage. An OEE of 85 percent means that 85 percent of planned production time resulted in good output. The remaining 15 percent was lost due to downtime, slow speed, or defective products.

Worked Example 1: Single Heated Cauldron, One Shift

For example, OEE can be illustrated by a single heated cauldron operated by the Waterdeep Trading Company over an eight-hour shift.  The cauldron produces alchemical potions in batches, each requiring a defined heating and cooling cycle.

The shift begins with a plan. The following table shows how the planned shift time is allocated before any actual production begins.

The planned production time of 420 minutes represents the time available for actual manufacturing after subtracting scheduled breaks, shift handovers, and routine inspections. This is the baseline against which OEE will be measured.

During the shift, several events occur that affect production. A seal failure causes a 30-minute stoppage while repairs are made. The cauldron runs slower than expected for part of the shift due to inconsistent heat from a weakening enchantment. One batch fails quality inspection due to improper mixing and must be discarded.

Now we calculate each component of OEE step by step.

Step 1: Calculating Availability

Availability compares the time the equipment operated to the planned production time. The following table breaks down the calculation.

Availability equals operating time divided by planned production time. This gives us 390 ÷ 420, which equals 92.86%. The cauldron was available to produce for just under 93 percent of the planned time.

Step 2: Calculating Performance

Performance compares actual output to the ideal output based on the equipment’s design speed. The cauldron is designed to produce one batch every 20 minutes when running at full capacity.

With 390 minutes of operating time, the ideal output is 390/20, which equals 19.5 batches. However, the actual output before quality checks is 18 batches.

Performance equals actual output divided by ideal output. This gives us 18 ÷ 19.5, which equals 92.31%. The cauldron ran at just over 92 percent of its expected speed.

Step 3: Calculating Quality

Quality compares good output to total output. Out of the 18 batches produced, one fails inspection and must be discarded. This leaves 17 good batches.

Quality equals good batches divided by total batches. This gives us 17/18, which equals 94.44%. Just over 94 percent of production met quality standards.

Step 4: Calculating OEE

We now multiply the three components to compute the overall equipment effectiveness.

OEE equals 92.86% × 92.31% × 94.44%, which gives approximately 80.9%.

This means that just over 80% of the planned production time resulted in sellable output. The remaining nineteen percent was lost due to downtime, reduced speed, and quality failures. Each of these losses represents real cost to the company, whether in wasted materials, wasted labor time, or lost revenue from goods that could not be sold.

Worked Example 2: Comparing Two Cauldrons

The Waterdeep Trading Company operates two heated cauldrons in parallel, both using the same recipe and running for the same shift length. While both produce the same product, their performance characteristics differ significantly. The following table compares their OEE components.

The results reveal an interesting pattern. Cauldron B stops more often, resulting in more downtime and lower availability. However, when it runs, it runs faster and produces cleaner output. Cauldron A runs more consistently with fewer stoppages but loses effectiveness through slower speed and more quality issues.

Despite their different loss patterns, both cauldrons deliver nearly identical overall effectiveness, approximately 80%. This informs the production supervisor and the finance scribe that both lines require attention, but for different reasons. Cauldron A may require improved training or maintenance to enhance speed and quality. Cauldron B may need more reliable components or better preventive maintenance to reduce stoppages. Focusing solely on total output would obscure these differences. OEE reveals where improvement efforts should focus.

Why OEE Matters to the Ledger

OEE connects the shop floor to finance without guesswork or assumptions. Each component of OEE has direct financial implications that are reflected in the cost accounting system.

Low availability increases labor cost per unit because workers are paid for time when the equipment sits idle. It also increases per-unit overhead allocation because fixed costs, such as workshop rent and lighting, are spread across fewer units of output.

Low performance hides capacity loss. A workshop that believes it has space to take on more orders may be running its existing equipment at reduced speed. OEE reveals this hidden constraint before the company overcommits to customers.

Low quality creates scrap, rework, and delayed revenue. Materials are consumed but produce no sellable output. Labor is spent twice on the same batch. Delivery promises are broken because good output arrives later than planned.

By linking OEE trends to cost and margin analysis, the Waterdeep Trading Company avoids the common mistake of blaming weak demand for execution issues. When revenues fall short, OEE data can show whether the problem is market conditions or internal capacity utilization.

Using OEE the Right Way

OEE is a signal, not a weapon. When used properly, it guides continuous improvement and reveals systemic issues. When used improperly, it becomes a tool for blame that drives workers to hide problems rather than solve them.

Good use of OEE focuses on patterns over time rather than on single shifts. A bad day tells you little. A trend of declining performance over weeks indicates that something fundamental requires attention. OEE should be reviewed with operators, not against them. The people closest to the equipment often know exactly what is wrong and simply need permission and resources to fix it.

The goal of tracking OEE is to remove friction from the system, not to punish those working within it. Equipment that consistently exhibits low availability may require investment in improved maintenance or replacement parts. Low performance may indicate the need for improved training, clearer work instructions, or enhanced capabilities. Low quality may indicate issues with ingredient sourcing, inadequate inspection tools, or process design flaws.

OEE works best when it is transparent, regularly discussed, and used to justify investments in improvement rather than to assign blame for shortfalls.

Realms Aware Considerations

Production in Faerûn faces unique challenges that are less common in purely mechanical manufacturing environments. Some losses are specific to the magical and logistical realities of the Sword Coast.

Magical instability affects quality. Enchantments can fade, interfere with each other, or behave unpredictably during storms or planar convergences. Quality losses from arcane sources require different solutions than mechanical defects.

Ingredient variance affects performance. Raw materials sourced from different regions or different seasons may behave differently in the same process. A potion recipe that works perfectly with Cormyrian herbs may run slower or produce inconsistent results with substitutes from Amn.

Enchantment maintenance affects availability. Unlike purely mechanical equipment, magical apparatus requires periodic recalibration, attunement, or recharging. These maintenance activities may be less predictable than oiling gear or replacing worn belts.

Despite these unique factors, the losses are still losses. OEE allows them to be measured, discussed, and planned for, rather than accepted as inevitable. By quantifying the impact of magical instability or ingredient variance, the company can make informed decisions about whether to invest in better enchanters, source more consistent materials, or adjust customer delivery promises.

Final Thoughts

OEE does not promise perfection. No production system will ever achieve 100% effectiveness. Equipment breaks, people make mistakes, and materials vary. OEE clarifies where production time is spent and why planned output differs from actual results.

For the Waterdeep Trading Company, OEE turns the shop floor into a reliable source of truth. Time, speed, and quality cease to be narrative elements in shift reports and become metrics that inform better decisions. Finance scribes can calculate true production costs. Operations supervisors can prioritize improvement projects. Guild masters can set realistic expectations for capacity and delivery times.

In a competitive market where margins are measured in units per copper piece, the difference between 80% and 90% OEE can determine whether a product line thrives or fails. OEE makes that difference visible, measurable, and actionable.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

For the Waterdeep Trading Company, order quantity is not a clerical detail. It is a product strategy choice that shapes cash, risk, and service.

MOQ and EOQ only make sense when viewed through the lens of what a product is meant to do for the business. Some goods are built for volume. Others exist to deliver value, margin, or capability. When teams align product strategy with ordering behavior, decisions become more precise, and silent balance-sheet damage is avoided.

This article integrates the product strategy view, the MOQ-EOQ trade-off, and a worked example that makes the trade-off visible.

Two Product Strategies, Two Ordering Behaviors

Most products fall into one of two broad strategies. Bulk flow goods are designed to move. Value-sensitive goods are designed to protect margin and cash.

This classification should happen before any discussion of order size.

Bulk Flow Products

Bulk-flow products sell steadily, store cheaply, and rarely lose value over time.

For these goods, MOQ pressure is often acceptable. Excess stock turns quickly, and the business recovers its coin through normal sales.

EOQ still matters, but it often aligns closely with MOQ when holding costs and demand are well-balanced.

This is why buyers feel comfortable ordering by the crate or wagon.

Value Sensitive Products

Value-sensitive products behave very differently.

Demand is uneven. Storage is costly. Risk rises the longer goods sit idle. These products punish excess.

Here, EOQ is usually far lower than the supplier’s MOQ. Every unit above EOQ increases tied-up cash and write-off exposure.

Accepting MOQ without challenge becomes a structural risk, not a short-term inconvenience.

These products are where ordering discipline matters most.

MOQ and EOQ Within Product Strategy

MOQ and EOQ serve different masters.

The supplier sets the MOQ and reflects their cost structure. It is a constraint.

The business sets the EOQ and aligns it with total cost and working capital goals. It is a decision target.

The conflict arises when the MOQ exceeds the EOQ.

This matrix alone often explains why an order feels wrong before numbers are even reviewed.

Worked Example

Consider the case of a specialty alchemical ink, favored by scribes and guild clerks. Annual demand remains modest but consistent, while the supplier insists on large batch distillations. This setup creates a classic tension between what the business wants to order and what the supplier requires.

When MOQ Sits Above EOQ

Consider the case of a specialty alchemical ink, favored by scribes and guild clerks. Annual demand remains modest but consistent, while the supplier insists on large batch distillations. This setup creates a classic tension between what the business wants to order and what the supplier requires.

Scenario Setup: The company sells a specialty alchemical ink used by scribes and guild clerks.  Annual demand is low but steady. The supplier only runs large batch distillations.

The following table summarizes the key assumptions for this scenario: annual demand is 50 vials, the supplier’s minimum order quantity (MOQ) is 500 vials, and the business’s calculated economic order quantity (EOQ) is 60 vials. Each vial costs 8 FSD, and the annual holding cost rate is 25%. By strategy, this ink is a value-sensitive product, making excess inventory a costly risk.

This is a value-sensitive product by strategy.

EOQ View: What the business would choose

If the business could order at its preferred EOQ, the numbers reflect a lean approach: 60 vials per order, a purchase value of 480 FSD, and an average inventory of 30 vials. Inventory value stays at 240 FSD, with an annual holding cost of just 60 FSD. Cash exposure is limited, and inventory turns efficiently.

Cash exposure is limited, and inventory turns cleanly.

MOQ View: What the supplier requires

When the supplier’s MOQ dictates the order size, the impact is dramatic. The business must purchase 500 vials at once, tying up 4,000 FSD. Average inventory jumps to 250 vials, with a value of 2,000 FSD, and annual holding costs soar to 500 FSD. This approach locks up far more cash and increases the risk of unsold stock.

What Changed

Demand did not change. Unit cost did not change. Only the order quantity changed.

Cash tied up increased by 3,520.00 FSD. Annual holding cost increased by 440.00 FSD.

That difference lives entirely on the buyer’s balance sheet.

Making the Trade Off Visible: Buyer and Planner Checklist

Before placing an order that exceeds EOQ, teams should pause and answer the following.

Multiple No answers indicate that the order carries structural risk.

When This Becomes a Leadership Issue

High MOQ on value-sensitive products should never be handled quietly.

These cases belong in sales and operations planning or integrated planning discussions, where demand, supplier strategy, and cash are reviewed together.

Negotiating With Strategy in Mind

Suppliers often defend MOQs on the grounds of unit price. That view ignores total cost.

Better discussions focus on shared value. Stable commitments, longer contracts, coordinated transport, or phased deliveries can lower MOQ pressure without harming supplier economics.

Strategy provides the leverage. Quantity follows.

Other Ordering Strategies to Consider Beyond MOQ and EOQ

MOQ and EOQ frame the core tension between supplier constraints and internal cost control. The company also uses additional ordering strategies to fit product behavior, demand visibility, and risk tolerance. These approaches complement MOQ and EOQ rather than replace them.

These strategies let planners express product intent clearly. A healing potion may use min-max replenishment to protect service, while festival banners use project-based ordering to avoid leftovers.

Final Thoughts

Order quantity is not neutral. It reflects how a product creates value.

Bulk flow goods reward scale. Value-sensitive goods punish excess. MOQ is a constraint imposed from outside. EOQ is a choice made within the business.

When teams connect product strategy to ordering behavior, trade-offs become visible, intentional, and easier to lead.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

Across Faerûn, serious buyers rarely begin with a direct order. Guilds preparing seasonal stock, nobles provisioning estates, and caravan masters planning long routes often ask for terms before committing coin. They send a Request for Quotation (RFQ).

For the Waterdeep Trading Company, receiving RFQs from customers is a controlled sales practice. It protects margins, confirms supply, and prevents promises that cannot be kept. This article explains the full customer RFQ lifecycle, from intake to internal review, pricing, approval, and conversion into a sales order, with a complete worked example using realistic trade data.

What a Customer RFQ Is

A customer RFQ is a formal request to Waterdeep Trading Company to provide pricing, quantities, delivery schedules, and terms for a proposed purchase. It does not reserve stock and does not create a financial obligation.

  • Customer RFQs are common when
  • Quantities are large or recurring.
  • Prices may vary by season or route.
  • Delivery is split across dates or locations.
  • Extra handling or markings are required.

RFQs may arrive by courier, guild scribe, sealed letter, or arcane message and are always logged before any pricing work begins.

Why Receiving RFQs Matters

Poor RFQ handling creates risk. A rushed response can underprice goods or overcommit inventory. A slow response can lose the deal.

A structured RFQ process allows the Waterdeep Trading Company to:

  • Confirm inventory and production capacity.
  • Apply correct pricing and margin rules.
  • Review customer credit standing.
  • Align sales, finance, and logistics before making promises.

The RFQ stage is where sales discipline begins.

How Customer RFQs Are Received and Logged

All incoming RFQs are recorded by the Sage Archivists in the Records Office. Each request is assigned an internal reference for tracking and auditing.

No RFQ moves forward without a complete intake record.

Internal Review and Validation

After logging, the RFQ is reviewed across inventory, finance, and logistics.

Internal checks include:

  • Available stock and production lead time.
  • Standard cost and current selling price.
  • Customer credit rating and limits.
  • Route capacity and seasonal risk.

If any check fails, the RFQ may be declined or returned with adjusted terms.

Pricing a Customer RFQ

RFQ pricing reflects more than the shelf price. It accounts for scale, effort, and risk.

An Arcane Treasurer reviews pricing before approval.

Approval and Customer Response

Large or high-value RFQs require approval before a quote is sent. Approval ensures margins and capacity remain within company rules.

Once approved, the RFQ response becomes a formal quote with:

  • Confirmed prices.
  • Delivery terms.
  • Payment conditions.
  • A validity period.

At this stage, no ledger posting occurs.

Worked Example

Customer RFQ Received by the Waterdeep Trading Company

Scenario Overview: The Baldur’s Gate Blacksmiths Guild plans a seasonal expansion serving caravan operators. They submit an RFQ for reinforced storage chests before committing funds.

RFQ as Received: This table shows the RFQ exactly as logged on receipt.

No stock is reserved at this point.

Internal Feasibility Review: The RFQ is reviewed by the planning, finance, and logistics teams.

Pricing Construction: Pricing is based on volume, handling, and transport.

Margins remain within policy.

Approval Record: Because of the deal size, approval is required.

Quote Sent to Customer: The approved RFQ response becomes a formal quote.

No ledger entries are created until acceptance.

Conversion to Order

If the customer accepts:

  • The quote converts to a sales order.
  • Inventory reservations are created.
  • Production is scheduled.
  • Revenue is posted only after delivery and invoicing.

If declined or expired, the RFQ is closed with no financial impact.

Final Thoughts

Customer RFQs protect both seller and buyer. They slow the process just enough to replace guesswork with proof. For the Waterdeep Trading Company, RFQs ensure every large sale begins with confirmed supply, fair pricing, and clear terms.

Handled correctly, an RFQ is not delayed. It is control.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

Across Faerûn, trade does not happen from behind a desk alone. Clerks travel between guild halls, cartographers ride with caravans, and procurement officers cross regions to secure goods. The Waterdeep Trading Company acknowledges that its employees will spend company funds. The risk is not the spending itself, but the loss of control over how it is recorded, reviewed, and repaid.

Employee expense processing exists to solve that problem. It gives the company a straightforward way to let workers spend when needed, while keeping the ledger accurate and auditable. This article explains how employee expenses are handled, how they are coded using expense categories, and how those costs move from receipt to reimbursement within the Waterdeep Trading Company.

What Employee Expense Processing Is

Employee expense processing is the controlled process by which employees submit costs they paid personally for company-related duties. These costs are reviewed, approved, posted to the ledger, and then reimbursed from company funds.

Unlike vendor invoices, these expenses typically begin with a worker and end with a payment to the same worker. Because of this, strict rules and clear coding are required to prevent misuse and to keep costs tied to the correct purpose.

Why It Matters to the Waterdeep Trading Company

The Waterdeep Trading Company operates across cities, regions, and trade routes. Without proper expense processing:

  • Travel costs blend into overhead with no clarity
  • Small purchases disappear from cost tracking
  • Audits become guesswork instead of review
  • Workers lose trust if repayments are late or disputed

A defined expense process protects both the company and its people. It also ensures that travel, trade missions, and field work can continue without delay.

Core Expense Categories and Ledger Coding

Each employee expense must be coded to an expense category. The category controls posting behavior, allowed limits, and review rules.

The following table shows common expense categories used by the Waterdeep Trading Company, with Faerûn-specific flavor and clear accounting intent.

Each category ensures that costs are posted to the correct part of the ledger and can be reviewed by purpose rather than by person.

Expense Submission Flow

The standard flow for employee expenses follows a predictable pattern.

  1. A worker incurs an expense while on an approved company activity.
  2. The worker submits an expense report with dates, amounts, and category codes.
  3. Receipts are attached when required.
  4. A supervisor reviews the expense for the purpose and reason.
  5. Approved expenses are posted to the ledger.
  6. Reimbursement is paid to the worker.

This flow separates responsibility. Workers submit. Managers approve. Treasurer’s post and pay.

Worked Example One: Trade Route Travel

Elira Moonshadow, Special Courier, travels from Waterdeep to Daggerford on company business.

She pays for:

  • Horse hire for two days
  • One night at a roadside inn
  • Meals during travel

After approval, the posting is straightforward:

  • Debit travel, meals, and lodging expense accounts
  • Credit employee reimbursement liability
  • Payment clears the liability

Worked Example Two: Arcane Procurement Expense

Selene Duskbloom, Magical Trade Officer, purchases arcane inks while negotiating a Mage Guild supply contract.

Because arcane components affect regulated costs, this expense requires an additional approval by the Magical Trade Officer role before posting.

Policy Controls and Common Rules

To keep expenses fair and controlled, the Waterdeep Trading Company applies standard rules:

  • Meal costs have daily limits by region
  • Lodging must match approved inns where possible
  • Arcane purchases require role-based approval
  • Missing receipts require a written explanation
  • Personal and company expenses may not mix

These rules protect the ledger and simplify review.

How Expenses Appear in the Ledger

Once approved, expenses no longer belong to the worker. They belong to the company.

From a ledger view:

  • Each category posts to a defined expense account
  • The worker’s balance is cleared upon payment
  • Reports can be run by worker, category, route, or period

This allows the Arcane Treasurers to answer vital yet straightforward questions, such as which routes incur the highest support costs or which roles carry the highest field-expense burden.

Realms Aware Considerations

Faerûn adds its own challenges:

  • Some regions prefer barter equivalents
  • Guild fees vary by city
  • Travel risks change seasonal costs
  • Arcane supplies fluctuate in price due to demand

Expense categories allow these variations to be tracked without breaking structure.

Final Thoughts

Employee expense processing is not about limiting trust. It is about recording truth. The Waterdeep Trading Company succeeds because it allows workers to act quickly while keeping records clean, fair, and clear.

By using defined categories, consistent approvals, and proper posting, expenses support trade rather than obscure it.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

Trade in Faerûn is governed by cost control, timing discipline, and careful handling of risk, both mundane and arcane. From the docks of Waterdeep to the long caravan roads leading to Baldur’s Gate and the portal halls of Silverymoon, the Waterdeep Trading Company succeeds because it plans routes with precision. Each route type reflects a specific trade pattern, chosen to balance distance, volume, urgency, and security.

This article explains the most common route types used by the Waterdeep Trading Company and provides worked examples for each. Each example breaks the route into legs, showing distance, pickup and drop-off quantities, and cost per leg. This level of detail supports both logistics planning and ledger review.

What Route Types Are

A route type defines the movement pattern used to transfer goods between locations. It determines whether a caravan travels directly to a single destination, visits several locations in sequence, loops back to its origin, or passes through a central hub. Selecting the correct route type reduces wasted travel, improves delivery timing, and protects valuable or sensitive goods.

Why Route Details Matter

Breaking routes down to the leg level enables the Waterdeep Trading Company to manage operations and finances in tandem. This structure enables caravan masters and Arcane Treasurers to calculate accurate cost-per-segment, track inventory movement by location, allocate expenses for profitability review, and improve loading and unloading control at intermediate stops.

Common Route Types in Faerûn

The table below lists the primary route types used by the Waterdeep Trading Company and the situations in which each is applied.

Worked Examples with Route Legs

Each example below begins with a short scenario, followed by a level-by-level table. Fixed fees are applied after travel costs to show the full route impact.

Direct Route Example

Enchanted swords are shipped from Waterdeep to Baldur’s Gate with no delay permitted.  The table below shows how travel costs accumulate along the route.

Additional costs include a guard fee of 50.00 FSD and a magical stabilizer cost of 25.00 FSD.

The total route cost is 150.00 FSD.

Milk Run Example

A single caravan departs Waterdeep, serves Amphail, Rassalantar, and Secomber, then returns.  This route combines delivery and pickup activity across several stops.

Fixed costs include a guard fee of 60.00 FSD and loading and unloading charges of 30.00 FSD per stop.

The total route cost is 120.00 FSD.

Circular Route Example

A regional loop runs from Waterdeep to Daggerford, onward to Baldur’s Gate, then back to Waterdeep.  This route supports steady regional demand.

Additional costs include guard fees of 100.00 FSD and lodging costs of 40.00 FSD.

The total route cost is 236.00 FSD.

Hub and Spoke Example

Goods move from Waterdeep to a hub in Daggerford, then outward to Amphail, Secomber, Rassalantar, and Goldenfields.

A hub handling fee of 50.00 FSD is applied.

The total route cost is 80.00 FSD.

Portal Route Example

Rare spell kits are transferred from Waterdeep to Silverymoon using an arcane portal.

A portal toll of 200.00 FSD and a magical stabilizer cost of 50.00 FSD are applied.

The total route cost is 250.00 FSD.

Route Comparison Summary

The table below provides a single view of all route options using total distance and total cost. This view is used during planning councils and budget reviews.

This summary highlights how different routing strategies trade distance for fixed fees, consolidation, or speed.

Final Thoughts

Detailed route planning gives the Waterdeep Trading Company complete visibility into how goods and coin move together. By tracking distance, quantities, and cost at the leg level, the company improves control, reduces waste, and supports reliable trade across Faerûn. Milk runs serve small settlements, hub routes scale distribution, direct routes protect valuable cargo, and portal routes support urgent needs. Each route type has a clear place when applied with discipline.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

Across the Sword Coast, community halls, temples, schools, and guild shelters often host fundraisers to fund repairs, sponsor apprentices, or support relief efforts after storms or skirmishes. The Waterdeep Trading Company has long participated in these events by supplying goods at a reduced internal price, thereby allowing the fundraiser to retain the surplus from sales. This practice blends goodwill with proper ledger control, giving community groups a safe way to raise coin while keeping company accounts sound.

This article explains how these events are prepared, priced, tracked, and settled within the company. It is written in the style used by the Arcane Treasurers and the Records Office, combining clear trade practice with Faerûnian flavor.

What These Fundraiser Events Are

A fundraiser event is a temporary partnership between the Waterdeep Trading Company and a local group. Goods are supplied at a price below the normal selling price, often at or slightly above cost. The fundraiser sells them at a standard market price during an event such as a harvest fair, temple supper, or guild apprenticeship drive. The fundraising group retains the positive difference, and the company records the revenue reduction as part of its community contribution ledger.

Why This Matters

These events strengthen ties with communities across the Sword Coast. They also require careful accounting, since goods leave company stock at one price yet retail on the street at another. The company must track the inventory, the reduced price, the contribution value, and any unsold items returned from the fundraiser.

How the Company Handles the Process

Event Setup

The Records Office creates an internal event record with:
• Fundraiser name and sponsor
• Dates of the event
• Goods offered
• Discounted fundraiser price
• Expected quantities

The Arcane Treasurer team reviews the discounted price to ensure it covers basic costs.

Pricing and Inventory Release

Goods are transferred from the central storehouse at a special fundraising price. This avoids confusion with regular wholesale or retail orders. Freight or handling costs are either waived or absorbed into the community contribution line.

Sales and Settlement

When the fundraiser concludes, the group submits its sales scroll, which shows quantities sold and coins collected.
The fundraiser retains the surplus between the retail price and the discounted purchase price.
The Waterdeep Trading Company posts revenue only for the discounted amount.  Any unsold goods are returned to stock at the same reduced value.

Components of the Fundraiser Arrangement

The table below introduces the core elements of these events, enabling all clerks to reference them during setup, and outlines the key components of the fundraiser setup and how each supports the event.

Worked Example

A temple in the North Ward hosts a winter cloak drive. The Waterdeep Trading Company agrees to supply wool cloaks at a reduced price.

The retail price of each cloak is 20.00 FSD.
The fundraiser price is 12.00 FSD.
The temple sells them for full price and keeps the surplus.

This table walks through the financial results using simple numbers.

The temple raises 320.00 FSD to help residents in need.
The Waterdeep Trading Company reports fair revenue from the reduced price and records the support in its community contribution ledger.

Realms Aware Considerations

Regional demand affects which goods are best for fundraisers. Cloaks do well in the North. Lanterns do well in Luskan. Dry goods or herbal kits resonate in smaller towns. The principle remains the same across all provinces: provide suitable goods, apply a responsible discount, and maintain clean accounts.

Final Thoughts

Fundraiser promotions demonstrate how trade can serve the common good while adhering to proper accounting practices. Community groups gain needed support, and the Waterdeep Trading Company strengthens its standing across Faerûn through dependable and fair dealings.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon page where supporters can access exclusive content, tools, and training labs, and even influence the project’s future. Your support fuels more than just development; it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement: Rusty Cavalier, Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

In Faerûn, some of the most valuable work done by the Waterdeep Trading Company is not tied to stocked goods or caravan shipments. Instead, it comes from clients who need unique work planned, tracked, and completed on their behalf. These are customer-funded projects, a standard part of trade across the Sword Coast, where noble houses, guilds, and adventuring parties require crafted items, research, or services beyond a regular order.

For the Waterdeep Trading Company, these projects allow the guild to grow coin reserves without taking on risk from unsold stock. Each project is financed by the customer who requests it, and Dynamics 365 helps track cost, time, revenue, and progress through structured project accounting, ledger controls, and milestone billing.

This article explores how customer-funded projects function in Faerûn, why they matter, and how they are managed through the company’s accounting practices.

What Customer Funded Projects Are

A customer-funded project is work that is paid for by the customer either in advance or throughout the life of the activity. The Waterdeep Trading Company treats these as formal undertakings, usually tied to a contract scroll signed and sealed by the Scriveners Guild. Common examples include commissions for enchanted goods, production runs for noble households, research tasks for arcanists, or repairs for merchant fleets.

Unlike internal projects, these efforts do not draw on the company’s own coin at the outset. Instead, funds provided by the customer become the resource pool used to carry out the work. This requires precise accounting to separate the client’s coin from internal budgets.

Why These Projects Matter

Customer-funded projects support the company’s financial stability in several ways.

  • They remove inventory risk, since the client covers all costs.
  • They allow the company to expand its capabilities, since rare materials or specialist labor can be procured with client funds.
  • They offer steady and predictable revenue, since contracts lay out how milestones and progress payments are invoiced.

In a land where supply lines stretch across wild terrain and arcane markets shift day by day, having stable client-backed work ensures dependable profit for Greta Ironfist and her planners.

Core Components of a Customer Funded Project

Below are the significant elements the Waterdeep Trading Company tracks within Dynamics 365.

First, Contract Setup. Every project begins with a customer record linked to a project contract. The contract defines funding rules, billing type, currency, and expected milestones. The base setup for customers and billing models follows the same ledger framework taught in the Bare Bones Configuration Guides.

Second, Funding Allocation. Funds supplied by the customer are mapped to the project so that labor, materials, and overhead settle against the customer’s balance rather than internal accounts.

Third, Work Breakdown. Tasks, phases, and activities are created to organize the work effort. This may include forging stages, enchantment sessions, transport planning, or research steps.

Fourth, Cost Accumulation. All project expenses are routed through dedicated ledger accounts. This includes raw material purchases, hourly craft labor, magical services, and overhead charges.

Fifth, Revenue Recognition. Invoicing may be based on milestones, time-and-materials, or fixed-price agreements. Milestone billing is most common, with seals applied at major completion points.

Sixth, Project Closure. The ledger is settled, any unused customer funds are returned or credited, and Seraphina Quillspire and Maelor the Quill archive all documentation.

Worked Example: Commissioned Arcane Beacon for the Lords of Everlund

To show how customer-funded projects operate, here is a complete example of a commission.

Scenario: The Lords of Everlund request a defensive arcane beacon built by the Waterdeep Trading Company. They provide full funding up front.

Below is a table that captures the planned cost structure.

Before the table, here is an explanation. This table lists the major cost items required to produce the arcane beacon and shows how each cost is drawn from the customer’s funded pool. It helps planners keep spending aligned with the contract.

Because the customer funds the entire amount at contract signing, the ledger holds their deposit as a liability until revenue is recognized through milestone completion.

A second table shows how revenue is released.

This table outlines the billing milestones and explains when the customer’s deposit converts to earned revenue. This helps the Accounts Receivable clerks track progress and apply the proper postings.

Once the final milestone is posted, the deposit liability is cleared and converted into project revenue, and the project is closed.

Realms-Aware Considerations

Faerûn introduces unique factors that must be considered with customer-funded projects.

  • Arcane inputs may require permits from mage guilds, adding additional lead times.
  • Regions outside the Sword Coast may impose trade tariffs or require special papers.
  • Some clients provide materials directly, such as gemstones or ancient relics, which must be handled as non-monetary contributions.
  • Guild labor unions control rates for smiths, engravers, and arcane specialists.
  • Projects involving planar materials may require Essence Credit tracking for sustainability purposes.

These factors make structured project accounting vital for the Waterdeep Trading Company.

Final Thoughts

Customer-funded projects allow the Waterdeep Trading Company to serve nobles, adventurers, and trade houses with custom work while keeping internal risk low. When managed well, they offer steady coin, predictable workloads, and precise financial control.

For teams using Dynamics 365, the structure provided in the Bare Bones Configuration Guides supports proper ledger setup, customer controls, and project workflows that keep each commission profitable and compliant.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon where supporters can gain access to exclusive content, tools, training labs, and even influence the future of the project. Your support fuels more than just development ,  it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt, and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement:  Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted, and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

In Faerûn, guilds rise and fall on the strength of their name. Some have deep histories, while others seek a broader presence across the Sword Coast markets. Many do not own the workshops or caravans needed to support steady trade. This gap is filled by the Waterdeep Trading Company, which offers both white label and private-label production.

These services allow guilds, noble houses, and merchant companies to place their own seal upon goods crafted by the company. Through these partnerships, Waterdeep Trading Company becomes the quiet force behind many brands without ever setting foot in their halls.

What White Label and Private Label Mean in Faerûn

White label items are standard goods produced in bulk. Any client may purchase them and apply their own seal. The goods themselves do not change across buyers.
Private label items are exclusive commissions. The client directs the product design, and the company produces it exclusively for that client.

White label favors scale. Private label favors identity.

Why These Practices Matter in the Sword Coast

Commerce moves quickly along the coast. Caravans pass through Waterdeep every day, bringing requests from far-off cities like Silverymoon and Calimport. Many organizations cannot afford to manage supply chains or maintain staff of enchanters and skilled workers. White label and private-label production turn these gaps into opportunities.

Clients gain:

  • Reliable supply of goods
  • Stable cost structure
  • Access to the company’s procurement network
  • Protection against market shifts or magical shortages
  • Fast entry into new regions without building local workshops

Waterdeep Trading Company gains:

  • Steady volume across seasons
  • Long-term agreements with influential houses
  • Exclusive contracts for rare material sourcing
  • Increased reach without changing its own brand

The arrangement strengthens the guild and the region.

How the Waterdeep Trading Company Manages White Label Trade

White label goods must remain consistent. They are produced with the same recipe, materials, and routing for all clients. The customer applies branding after delivery.

The Waterdeep Trading Company controls:

  • Material quality
  • Production routing
  • Arcane safety
  • Bulk transport

This keeps costs low and efficiency high.

White label items often include:

  • Common healing potions
  • Basic satchels
  • Travel pouches
  • Unmarked alchemical supplies
  • Simple foods and dried rations
  • Unenchanted scroll cases

How Private Label Production Works

Private label goods require a deeper partnership. Buyers may specify materials, freshness windows, embellishments, or even the workers permitted to handle the product. These items are tied to a single client and cannot be sold to others without permission.

Private label goods often include:

  • Noble house satchels with protective runes
  • Exclusive alchemical brews
  • Magical inks with secret compositions
  • House banners made with custom dyes
  • Luxury trade goods for high-end markets

Expanded Worked Example

A noble house in Silverymoon requests an enchanted satchel for its officers. The item must hold more than its size suggests. The crest must appear on the clasp in silver thread and must glow faintly when exposed to moonlight.

The Waterdeep Trading Company prepares the costing sheet shown below.

The noble house pays a private-label margin of 25%, bringing the final contract price to 255.00 FSD.

Contract Models in Faerûn

White label and private-label agreements follow distinct patterns.

Regional and Material Considerations

Faerûn is large and diverse. Production quality must adjust to regional realities.

Sword Coast: Strong supply lines and fast arcane courier routes

The North: Cold weather slows caravans so that insulation materials may be needed

Amn: Strict tax checks on imported goods

Calimshan: High interest in luxury items with rare scents or spices

Thay: Arcane compliance is strict and requires extensive proof of origin

Rare material sourcing also affects agreements. Items such as rainbow quills, moonlight dyes, and stormglass shards require planning, as they can only be harvested during specific sky turns.

Branding and Secrecy

Brand identity is vital in Faerûn. For private-label goods, Waterdeep Trading Company maintains strict confidentiality. Workrooms that produce exclusive items are closed to general staff.

Seals and crests are applied in a controlled room overseen by the Sage Archivists and the Mage Guild liaison.
Arcane Treasurers record each production batch to prevent counterfeit goods.

Expanding Distribution Through Cooperative Labeling

Some guilds choose a cooperative model in which several allied houses commission white label goods but agree to share a unified brand for a season. Waterdeep Trading Company manages the production and ensures every shipment matches the shared mark.

This approach is common during:

  • Merchant festivals
  • Trade fairs
  • Regional harvest weeks
  • Diplomatic gatherings

It strengthens alliances and creates temporary product lines that build interest across provinces.

Final Thoughts

White label and private-label production turn craftsmanship into a shared advantage across Faerûn. Through these agreements, the Waterdeep Trading Company becomes a steady hand behind many banners while clients gain access to scale, skill, and arcane safety that few could maintain alone.

These partnerships strengthen trade routes, stabilize supply, and deepen the ties between guilds and houses across the realms.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon where supporters can gain access to exclusive content, tools, training labs, and even influence the future of the project. Your support fuels more than just development ,  it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt, and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn, and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here: Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Jesper Livbjerg, Peter Lorre, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement:  Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted, and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!

The Waterdeep Trading Company oversees forges, breweries, tanneries, butcher halls, and alchemical works from the Sword Coast to the Moonsea. Each site produces goods needed by guilds, caravans, and settlements. To control these flows, the company relies on two core production models: input-driven manufacturing and output-driven manufacturing.

Choosing the correct method shapes cost, supply, and worker activity across the company. It is a key skill for any planner or foreman in Faerûn.

What Is Input-Driven Manufacturing

Input-driven manufacturing begins when materials arrive. The trigger is the availability of raw goods, not a customer request. Production cycles are set by supply rhythm, which may depend on weather, caravans, or seasonal harvests.

This method suits operations that must consume materials before spoilage or where bulk goods are expected to flow in steady waves.

Examples include:

  • Breweries working with incoming grain.
  • Tanneries receiving hides after large hunts.
  • Butcher halls where livestock arrives from nearby farms.

What Is Output-Driven Manufacturing

Output-driven manufacturing begins when a customer asks for something. A work order is created only when demand is confirmed. Goods are produced with accuracy, often following custom instructions or strict material controls.

This method suits operations where materials are rare or high cost, or where final goods require specialized work by artificers or master smiths.

Examples include:

  • Enchanted gear production.
  • Noble house commissions.
  • Custom alchemical batches.

Why These Approaches Matter

Both approaches determine how goods and coins move across the company.

They influence:

  • Inventory levels.
  • Cash flow.
  • Labor planning.
  • Resource allocation.

Selecting the right method ensures smooth trade across regions such as Waterdeep, Baldur’s Gate, and Calimport.

Worked Example One: Input Driven Example: Frostroot Ale in Silverymoon

When Frostroot Barley arrives from Icewind Dale, the Copperleaf Brewery begins a new brewing cycle. Barley cannot remain in storage for long, so production is triggered by shipments.

The table below shows how incoming material drives production volume.

This method keeps taverns supplied but increases storage during heavy harvest seasons.

Worked Example Two: Output Driven Example: Enchanted Shields in Waterdeep

The Arcane Smiths Hall starts production only when a signed order arrives. Mithral Dust and Phoenix Plume are tracked tightly by the Artificers Union, which makes this method ideal.

The table shows how materials are allocated only after orders are logged.

This approach protects rare resources and ensures predictable delivery.

Worked Example Three: Input Driven Example with Variable Outputs: Whole Animal Disassembly in Daggerford

When local farmers bring cattle to the Daggerford Butcher Hall, production begins immediately. This is input-driven because the animal itself is the trigger. One animal, however, can be broken into multiple cut profiles, each requested by nearby markets.

The final output varies because cutters choose different profiles based on condition, size, and planned sales.

The table below shows how three animals can produce different cut mixes.  Each cut type has a standard yield range, but the actual yield depends on the animal’s size and the chosen breakdown pattern.

How This Works in Practice

The Butcher Hall begins work as soon as animals arrive. The cutters select the breakdown style based on:

  • Market demand in Waterdeep or Baldur’s Gate
  • Condition and age of the animal
  • Local festival needs
  • Storage space and salt levels
  • Order patterns from nearby taverns

This produces variable outputs and makes production unpredictable.
It is a classic input-driven scenario because cutters respond to the arrival of livestock rather than to a fixed customer order.

This method is standard across Faerûn, where livestock flows depend on weather, harvesting, grazing conditions, and the health of nearby herds.

Realms Aware Considerations

Faerûn’s regions shape the choice of method.

  • Livestock production in Daggerford follows input cycles tied to farm supply.
  • Wandering herds in Amn cause irregular arrivals for local butcher halls.
  • Enchanted workshops in Waterdeep use output cycles to protect rare essence materials.
  • Coastal trade houses in Calimport favor output cycles for high-value seafood that must be allocated by order.

Final Thoughts

Input-driven manufacturing converts available goods into stock as soon as materials arrive. Output-driven manufacturing produces only when the market demands it. The Waterdeep Trading Company uses both across Faerûn to keep trade stable, predictable, and profitable.

Animal disassembly adds an extra layer of complexity, since a single input can yield many different outputs. This makes the method valuable for regions with active livestock markets and diverse customer needs.


Support the AD&D365 Project on Patreon.  To grow this world, we’ve launched an official Patreon where supporters can gain access to exclusive content, tools, training labs, and even influence the future of the project. Your support fuels more than just development ,  it expands the guildhall, forges new scrolls, and empowers the next generation of configuration wizards.  Begin your journey: https://www.patreon.com/adnd365/

A Grateful Salute to Our Patrons.  To all those who stand behind the vision, thank you for helping bring this world to life. Our Benefactors, Andre Breillatt, and Eryndor Fiscairn, your boundless generosity fuels the arcane core of this project. Without your magic, the weave would falter. Our Apprentices, the spell engines turn and the training labs thrive thanks to our current Apprentices: Michael Ramirez and Andreth Bael’Rathyn. Special thanks to our past Apprentices, whose contributions helped us get here:  Ralf Weber, Wendy Rijners, Shashi Mahesh, Julia Tejera, Ben Ekokobe, Tiago Xavier, Naveen Boyinapelli, Marcos Tadeu Wolf, Kathryn Greene, Jason Brown, Mark Christy, and Ashish Singh. Our Initiates, Gregory Brigden, and Martin Grahm, your commitment marks the start of the deeper path, stepping beyond mere observation into the active shaping of this realm. Our Followers, your steady presence along the journey is a beacon of encouragement:  Eric Shuss, Sunil Panchal, Sarah D. Morgan, Nick Ramchandani, Daniel Kjærsgaard, and Tomasz Pałys. And our Voyeurs, Harry Burgh, Abdelrahman Nabil, and Basil Quarrell, ever watching from the shadows, clearly intrigued… but not enough to part with a single gold piece. Your silent curiosity is noted, and mildly judged.

Want to design your own economic models in Faerûn?  Get your own AD&D365 Environment and guides at adnd365.com/start, and request access to the public view of the current database at https://public.adnd365.com – Login npc@adnd365.com, Password N0nPl@yC#822!